Discuss whistle-blowing in nursing. (Please cover the pros and cons of Research Paper

Talk about whistle-blowing in nursing. (It would be ideal if you spread the advantages and disadvantages of whistle blowing and it's significance to nurture strengthening) - Research Paper Example Besides, a medical attendant may likewise go about as a wellbeing guide for the patients’ future prosperity. The American Nursing Association (ANA) states, â€Å"nursing is the insurance, advancement, and improvement of wellbeing and capacities, avoidance of disease and injury, easing of enduring the conclusion and treatment of human reaction, and promotion being taken care of by people, families, networks, and populations† (What is Nursing 2012). Notwithstanding the degree of info required, the prize for this calling for the most part appears as a harasser. Dominant part of the medical attendants face social evil presences at work, for example, segregation, over misuse and verbal or even now and again, physical maltreatment. Through a study led of 612 medical caretakers, 67.5% have, sooner or later or the other experienced wrong conduct their administrators. American Nursing Association has expressed that 56.9% have either been undermined or been manhandled verbally busy working. (Malcolm 2006; Spence, Leiter, Day, and Gilin 2009; ANA 2001). Whistle blowing is a phrasing utilized when a representative of an association who questions over illicit or deceptive practices that happens inside the business. Contingent on the idea of the administration style, whistle blowing can have its preferences at the same time, now and again very extreme repercussions. Numerous inside a firm should seriously mull over whistle blowing no not exactly a demonstration of foul play while for certain organizations or associations, whistle blowing is simply one more type of synergistic and aggregate plans to reduce expenses and improve proficiency from all territories of the firm. Empowering representatives from all degrees of pecking order to step up and contribute towards the advancement of the foundation, by and large. Be that as it may, actuality is, such a disposition is uncommon to be found. News reports and studies speak to unmistakably that human services organizations are not for such a movement and view whistle blowing as negative anal ysis that decreases its open picture. Medical caretaker experts have endured the most, socially and

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Na - Essay Example At the point when the tales start, the general impression a peruser gets is that the ladies were committed to their spouses. For example, in the Yellow Wallpaper, the hero in alluding to her better half states, â€Å"He is extremely cautious and adoring and scarcely lets me mix without extraordinary direction.†(Gilman) For the situation of â€Å"The Hour†, Mrs. Maillard at first shows up heart broken at the updates on her husband’s demise †â€Å"she sobbed on the double, with abrupt wild surrender, in her sister’s arms.† (Chopin). Be that as it may, as the tales progress, this general impression is gave a false representation of. The hero in â€Å"The Yellow Wall Paper† displays an inconspicuous discontent with her significant other John; he snickers at her and the creator satirically comments â€Å"one expects that in marriage.†(Gilman). In addition, regardless of being a doctor, he doesn't accept she is wiped out, he has not let her take the room down the stairs with roses; rather he has limited her in a live with terrible yellow backdrop. It is additionally obvious that the creator feels regretful about these unobtrusive, hidden sentiments of outrage and hatred against her better half and would not be slanted to voice them out loud to anybody. She reprimands him for the way that she is debilitated and feels defenseless in light of the fact that regardless of being a doctor, he has portrayed her sickness as an insignificant apprehensive despondency and his statement is law. She concedes, â€Å"I get preposterously irate with John once in a while I’m sure I never used to be so sensitive .† This uncovers she knows about fundamental sentiments of hatred, yet attempts to cover it as a terrible symptom of her disease. As a lady, she is relied upon to be accommodating and consign herself to home and hearth, living in dutifulness to her husband’s will and as the story advances, her displeasure against her significant other turns out to be increasingly clear. In â€Å"the Hour† the hero has been living for such a long time in the condition of bondage to her husband’s territory that she consequently

Whats an Arms Length Transaction

Whats an Arm’s Length Transaction In business, many transactions take place every day. As a business owner, the transactions you undertake are always meant to benefit you.If you operate a retail chain, you will have to engage and buy goods from various suppliers.Both you and them will have different terms which need to be acceptable to each other for the business deal to take place.Your business terms may include the freshness and quality of the products supplied. They may also mention things like returns, discounts, quantities, deliveries etc.Your supplier’s terms may talk about your credit period, returns, food storage in your outlets etc.The important things considered by both you and him will form part of the agreement.Why is it so?Because everyone is looking out for his best interests.You want to ensure you get the best deal out of transacting with every supplier. Your supplier on the other hand wants to ensure he gets the best deal out of you as his customer.Transactions based on this kind of a situation are the ones referred to as arm’s length transactions.Therefore, an arm’s length transaction is one in which the transacting parties are unrelated and are working for their own best interests.This however does not mean that you stop thinking of the other party.As a business, your intention should always be to take care of your customers’ interests.And in an arm’s length transaction, you do this while ensuring your business does not suffer.FACTORS DETERMINING AN ARMS LENGTH TRANSACTIONArm’s length transaction are the most common in business setups. But for a transaction to be classified as such, there are two elements which have to be in place. These are:1. The parties must be unrelated â€" since business transactions take different forms, an arm’s length transaction is defined primarily by the kind of relationship between the parties involved.Basically, the only relationship that stands to guarantee such a transaction is one between unrelated persons.Being unrelated provides the perfect environment to ensure everyone acts in their personal interests. For example, a buyer’s bargaining power wants the lowest prices possible. You will pursue this through leveraging whatever strengths you have.On the other hand, a supplier’s bargaining power wants the highest price for his goods. Also, he would prefer that you paid him immediately he delivers. This ensures his cash flow is good in order to facilitate business operations and growth.Even if there are discounts being discussed, the final agreement will certainly be favorable to both you and the supplier.As the supplier thinks about his cash flow, you will also be protecting your own.2. There should be no pressure or duress involved â€" a business transaction should ideally be done out of willingness. This is the philosophy of willing buyer, willing seller which is expected and accepted everywhere. In the absence of willingness, there is coercion at work.Whenever there is coercion involved in a business tr ansaction, the prices are never fair. And if the prices are fair, then something else is wrong.It could be the quality of work or any other aspect of the transaction. The one coercing will benefit at the direct expense of the other.In some instances, this kind of transaction can also be labeled criminal depending on the kind of damages suffered. The transaction agreement can also be canceled under law.Arm’s Length in the Real EstateThe arm’s length philosophy can be applied in every business transaction.The real estate industry is however the one which often sees this at work, especially in regards to public knowledge.This may be because the real estate sector often comes under scrutiny when home sales are done.Every agent wants to sell at the highest price while every buyer, or his negotiator, wants the lowest price. Since there are many other parties who will be involved behind the scenes, care must be taken to ensure the deal is an arm’s length.In a home sale, apart from th e actual buyer and seller, other parties involved include the lender and the local government. The lender wants to be sure that the mortgage is the right value and has been given to a legitimate customer.Local governments want to ensure that the price is right for the purposes of tax collection.The lender is also interested in the deal as he will be filing for taxes based on the amount given.In the unfortunate event that the transaction proves to have been a fraud, the lender will be counting losses. ARM’S LENGTH VS. ARM-IN-ARM TRANSACTIONSAs you would expect, not all business transactions are arm’s length.Even if these are the type preferred, some transactions simply cannot be arm’s length.Such are those between relatives. It could be a transaction between a father and son, aunt and nephew, grandpa and daughter etc.A transaction of this kind is called arm-in-arm.This is symbolic of the close relationship between the parties involved.In essence, an arm-in-arm transaction is no thing but the opposite of an arm’s length transaction. Whereas an   arm’s length transaction works with unrelated parties, an arm-in-arm transaction happens between related parties.This means that the scales will likely be tipped in favor of one party. This however, in most cases, will not be out of criminal intent.The love in the relationship will make this transaction more of a case of giving out of goodwill.Tax Considerations in Arm-in-Arm TransactionsWhenever money changes hands, there is bound to be a tax obligation.Since both parties involved in an arm’s length will be paying taxes, it is important to ensure the transaction paints the correct picture of the nature of the deal.In some cases, arm-in-arm deals may be attempted to be passed as arm’s length transactions.This may be taken to be criminal by the authorities. In an arm-in-arm deal, you may be required to pay taxes of an amount similar to what you would have made had you transacted with a stranger.To avoid penal ties from the IRS, you will have to put in efforts to guarantee an arm’s length transaction.How do you avoid these issues in a family transaction?This is discussed further down in the article. Read about it in the section about arm’s length transactions in a family business.Business Deals Between SubsidiariesThe tax situation in different business entities differ. The normal buyer/seller situation may not necessarily be realistic in subsidiaries.This is because they all have a similar interest: the growth of the conglomerate.What happens when a subsidiary wants to do business with another subsidiary in the same conglomerate?This is the kind of situation family members find themselves in.As much as the individual companies are interested in the best outcome for the other party, they cannot afford to transact in methods contrary to arm’s length.This becomes more necessary when the companies are operating in different countries. This is a common situation in conglomerates as they are often multi-national.But it is not just the business that is involved in cross-country business relations. The country of operation is involved too.The tax agencies in those countries have to collect tax on the business dealings entered into by the companies operating within their jurisdictions.This is why implementing an arm’s length policy between subsidiaries is important.Without it, the companies may be accused of using tactics meant to facilitate tax evasion.This can be a very costly problem for the company to deal with. If such allegations are confirmed, huge penalties will follow.The business might even be required to shut down.LENDERS AND ARM’S LENGTH TRANSACTIONSAs noted, the real estate sector is the one which receives most attention when it comes to arm’s length transactions.As we have seen, a home purchase rarely involves only the seller and buyer.Of the involved parties, one stands to lose a lot if the transaction is not an arm’s length. This party is the l ender.When banks issue mortgages, they expect the recipients to swear nothing but the truth. This helps them make the right decision in terms of the amount of money to be given, the terms and the taxes payable.Banks have been the victims of fraud in many instances as people collude to make away with lots of money at the bank’s expense.To prevent this, banks put in measures to safeguard themselves. There are two main benefits for the bank when the deal is an arm’s length.1. Lower fraud risk caused by collusion â€" there have been reported instances of bank fraud when employees collude with people on the outside to commit crime. These crimes range from robbery of customers when leaving the bank after a big withdrawal to credit card fraud.Where fraud exists, money is lost. When money is lost, profits reduce. And when profits reduce too much, losses may follow. If losses are experienced, investor confidence wanes.No business will wants this as part of their story.In the real estate scenario, a collusion may happen between a bank employee and an agent purporting to sell a home.The agent may overvalue the property and advise the potential buyer to take the mortgage plan available from bank X.The mortgage officer will approve the application and once the seller has the payment, he disappears. The buyer has no home to move into and the one who received the payment is nowhere to be found.Upon doing an independent probe into the agreement, the bank finds out that the indicated location cannot even have a home of the value stated.But because the buyer wasn’t knowledgeable enough, he got duped. And because there was collusion, the bank also suffered.2. Increased transparency â€" arm’s length transactions are characterized by transparency. Since no-one is trying to hide anything as it often happens in arm-in-arm transaction, the bank can easily determine the amount of money to provide as a loan.This is good for the bank as it provides them with security for their b usiness.Banks need to be sure of who they are dealing with. When there is more transparency, the bank is also assured of their projected earnings. They know that out of the money lent, they will be making a profit.In transactions between relatives, banks will typically be more keen to ensure all is well.Another important role played by increased transparency is protection against money laundering. In the money laundering world, criminals seek to transact through banks so as to “clean up” the money. When the industry regulator finds out that a certain bank has been used in such a way, the bank will have some questions to answer.More than that, news about a bank’s involvement in money laundering paints the bank in bad light.Determining Fair Market ValueTransactions labeled arm’s length have one characteristic: they aim at sealing the deal based on the fair market value of the product being sold.How do you know whether your transaction is in line with the fair market value?Fair market value is determined by the process the transacting parties go through. Assuming that a factor like bargaining power are constant, then the fair market value is simply the amount agreed upon.Another big assumption here is that both parties are able to carry out their own research to find out the prevailing value of the product being sold. If it’s a house, the buyer will not just rely on the information given by the seller.He will check the house out, ask as many questions as possible then do his own personal research.The personal research may include things like visiting the neighborhood to find out home prices.It may also include checking with an independent valuer to know the average price to be paid for the home.If these factors stand uncompromised, then automatically, the price agreed upon by the seller and buyer will be a true fair market value.ARM’S LENGTH IN FAMILY BUSINESSFamily businesses are unique in many ways. Some of the challenges facing them are also unique .This is why not many manage to break through and make it as big as other businesses.Still, there are a few family businesses which have succeeded and become big.When it comes to transacting between family-owned businesses, e.g. one owned by parents and another owned by the children, it takes more effort to guarantee an arm’s length environment.The same applies to transactions which may not necessarily be about business.For example, your dad could offer to sell you his car. Keep in mind that there are taxes involved and the best thing would be to avoid unnecessary scrutiny from the IRS.To stay on top of things, the below are the steps to take.Get an Independent Appraisal of the Property/ProductYour dad could tell you that his car’s value is $8,000. Whether true or not, an arm’s length transaction can only be proven by having an independent person carrying out the appraisal.The appraisal will provide all the information needed for the transaction.With an independent appraisal, there is still a challenge to be overcome. This is the challenge of sticking with the appraisal.A common problem which occurs in family transactions is the tendency to put the appraisal aside and proceed in their own terms.When getting an independent assessment of the car to be purchased, you are safeguarding yourself. An outsider doing the assessment will be objective and fair, not leaning towards either side.If ever called upon to shine light in the situation, you would be able to prove that the value stated was determined by an independent expert.In getting an independent appraisal, ensure you stick to it.Hire Independent NegotiatorsGetting an independent appraisal is not the only things to be done. You should also hire negotiators and give them all the necessary information they may need so as to push for the best deal.In the example of your dad’s car, he should get a negotiator as you do the same. These negotiators are the ones to carry out the sale if they both agree with th e terms set forth.If you two are to be in the presence of the negotiators, it would be good to keep silent and only listen.You can add a comment as the negotiations take place but do not engage with your dad on the sides about the deal which is yet to be finalized.Have the Purchase/Sale Agreement in WritingAfter all the work involved in ensuring you perform an arm’s length transaction, keep the records of the deal in writing.   Do not make decisions using verbal agreements. Keep all the receipts, delivery notes, appraisal and any other related document. Both parties should have their own copies of these.Having everything in writing indicates truth and finality. This is why most businesses will never engage without some form of documentation.One simple but powerful enough form of documentation is emails. If you have had some business communication via email, ensure these are preserved.In today’s technology-driven world, you could also back them up in the cloud and only access the m if needed.Provide Independent Verification that the Transaction is Arm’s LengthIt can be a good idea to have a witness to the transaction who will attest to the fact that the transaction was arm’s length.This witness may be what you will need to prove to the authorities that the transaction was above board.When doing this, make sure you choose the right person for the role.A transaction   witness should never be your relative. A relative cannot be a trusted witness since he is inclined to speak in favor of the transaction.Write an AffidavitThe last thing you can consider doing is writing an affidavit.An affidavit is a document written to swear the truth about something. It is often written and commissioned by an attorney.This may cost you some money depending on how much the attorney will charge.The cost aside, an affidavit is a document which can be admitted in a court of law. Just note that you should never lie in an affidavit.Doing so is considered criminal as you are basic ally bearing false witness, even in a court of law.CONCLUSIONWhenever you have some transactions to carry out, ensure you make it arm’s length.Not only will you enjoy better prices or whatever other benefit you stand to gain, but will also avoid investigations by the IRS.

Kung! Essay example - 864 Words

1. Ernestine Friedl says that the position of women is higher the more they are involved in (l) primary subsistence (as owners or controllers, NOT merely as laborers) and (2) the PUBLIC distribution of the product of subsistence. Use this argument to account for the position of women in Kung society. Make sure you use both part (l) and part (2) of Friedl’s argument. (Do not worry that Friedl’s argument is simplistic; she is not trying to say that women’s role in subsistence is the ONLY factor that affects their position in society.) Friedl states that the position of women is higher the more they are involved in primary subsistence, and the public distribution of that subsistence. I think this classes Kung! Women pretty†¦show more content†¦Yes, women take young children with them when they gather, but when it comes to carrying them around, men and women both tend to do it, until the children are weaned of this. A good example of equality, is how the men make sure to help the women wean the child, say when Nisa wants to keep drinking breast milk, the father pulls her off and threatens to hit her saying â€Å"cant you see how swollen your mother is?† (47). Though, on the other hand, the men can have multiple wives while women can not. Though, the women can â€Å"chase† off the other wives, as nisa did. (121). I personally agree with the idea that Kung men have a higher status and power in society. Men, can get away with much more, and do have the power to hit their wives in fights (they see m, at least from the book to be the ones to strike first). Women, often fight back, but they rarely start the hitting. Additionally, the fact that men can have multiple wives, and it may not be considered cheating, shows me that Kung! Men have more power. What effect has modernization had on gender roles and gender relations among the Kung? What do you foresee for the future? The Kung!s way of life is shown to be threatened in this book. Tswana and Herero villages started to encompass more of the Kung!s water holes, the Kung! Way of life has become threatened (194). If you cannot get water in the harsh desert, you cannot survive. To survive, you have to either work to take handouts, or you must work for theShow MoreRelatedKung Fu Panda2001 Words   |  9 PagesKung Fu Panda is an animated family, comedy, action-adventure film directed by Mark Osbourne and John Stevenson. Released in 2008, it stars Jack Black as the voice of the protagonist, Po, an enormous but lovable panda. Before Po’s journey, Po is a very different panda than the one we admire by the end. Lazy, socially awkward, and ridiculed for his size, he often breaks plates and sleeps in while working as a waiter at his father’s restaurant in the Valley of Peace. Knowing he doesn’t fit in, Po indulgesRead MoreKung Fu Panda Essay2277 Words   |  10 PagesKung Fu Panda textua l analysis Kung fu panda is set in the Valley of Peace, where the people of the valley are threatened by the late arrival of the evil snow leopard, Tai Lung. An ancient prophecy states that a hero, also known as ‘the chosen one’ will appear out of nowhere to save the people in the valley, and the masters of martial arts have devised a competition in order to find this individual. However it is assumed that the chosen one will be a member of the Furious Five-the level-headedRead MoreTelevision And Behavior : Kung Fu Panda1206 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Gletton 08/07/2015 POLS2301 22-9:45 Assignment #3 Television and Behavior Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. 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Evaluation Of The Minnesota Model - 1375 Words

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Introduction The Minnesota Model The Minnesota Model is primarily an inpatient treatment program similar to the 12-step model of Alcoholics Anonymous. Teams of professional therapists create individualized treatment programs lasting around a month to treat chemical dependencies and promote lifelong abstinence from drugs that clients are dependent on. It can also be an outpatient treatment in the form of self-help groups, where recovering addicts meet multiple times a week to evaluate and discuss their issues with dependency or relapse. Therapeutic CommunitiesShow MoreRelatedInternship Experience1347 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care Management Internship Experience Labovitz School of Business and Economics University of Minnesota Duluth Description of the Program The purpose of the internship program is to provide juniors and seniors with an opportunity to enhance and apply what they learn in their academic program while working in a health service organization. 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This wide open programing among sites makes it difficult for the LTR director to gauge the effectiveness of AmeriCorps members and to provide a true evaluation of overall program success (M. Parnell, personal communication, September 26, 2016). The LRT Oklahoma AmeriCorps program served students in k-3rd grade with varying site program designs. LTR served a significant portion, geographically, of

America Outsourcing Free Essays

Outsourcing has been a subject of debate in the world’s developed countries with questions on whether it should be regulated. This follows the effect that outsourcing has had on the economies of host countries. Top in the agenda is the loss of jobs to outsourcing which has led to income inequality and joblessness in the host countries. We will write a custom essay sample on America Outsourcing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The benefits of outsourcing however remain significant in these economies earning large amounts of revenue. To illustrate this facts, the case of General Electric will be used to analyze the role that outsourcing has played in the U. S economy. Impact of outsourcing on GE and their decision to have multiple outsourcing partnerships. General Electric (GE) has placed strong emphasis on expanding their business to international markets through outsourcing which has not only provided the company with huge revenues but also given it a strong command as the biggest company in the world by market specialization in 2004. Its international presence which has proved to be very powerful has given GE a competitive edge over other companies in the U.S which have not outsourced as expansively as it has. GE has benefited from the advantage of cheap human capital available to it in Asia, Mexico, India, China and other countries in which it ventured into. GE which specializes mainly in financial services, medical equipments, jet engines, plastic manufacture among others cannot at one time regret the decision to outsource to these countries as a result of the gains they have obtained. In India for example, the GE benefited from the large group of educated English speaking locals who provided inexpensive labor for the company. It is estimated that with two to four years experience a computer programmer in the US earned $62,000 while the same person earned $10,000 only in India. These reduced costs have fostered savings for the company giving it room to expand its activities even more. GE now boasts of its presence in over one hundred countries. Of the total revenue that GE earned in 2003, 45% came from the international markets which goes on to show that outsourcing has had a positive impact on the company. The company apart from benefiting in cheap labor imported materials from its home country, processed it in the subsidiaries and then sent it back to the country. The effect of this is that the production costs were reduced and the products were sold t the same price. The foreign countries also provided market for the products as well as supply of cheap and available materials. The decision for GE to have multiple outsourcing partnerships can mostly be attributed to the gains in cost cutting it was bound to benefit from such kind of arrangements. Consider that GE earns 45% of its revenue from foreign subsidiaries. This is the major reason for GE to continue outsourcing to maintain a significant flow in its revenues. As stated earlier, GE stands to obtain numerous advantages from investing in the foreign countries through outsourcing. It comes in as the nature of business to take advantage of available resources and making the maximum use of them to obtain maximum benefits. GE through outsourcing has established international partnership and it stands to gain a lot in terms of profits and reduction of costs. In the case of Mexico, the government provided for duty free import of raw materials, testing equipment, telecommunication equipments, tools and machinery. This was aimed at increasing foreign direct investment of the country which would in turn benefit from the improvement in infrastructure ad an increased job market for its citizens Warden, S. (2002: 124-133). GE was hardly affected by the income tax law which also provided for refunds on money used to export products by GE from Mexico to U.S (Vietor, 2007: 4). As a result of the huge savings made, the company advanced at a high rate establishing many plants in Mexico producing electronic motors, capacitors and lighting devices. How to cite America Outsourcing, Papers

Classical and Operant Conditioning free essay sample

How do the ideas of Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning explain why someone might misuse drugs? How can these theories be applied to the treatment of substance misuse? (1500 words) Learning (conditioning) is the process that eventually leads to relative permanent change in behavior or training. Some things are innate we are born with the knowledge  but  others must be acquired actively. Thus, it is ‘an adaptive process in which the tendency to perform a particular behaviour is changed by experience. With the change of circumstances, new behaviours are learned and old ones are eradicated. Peterson McBridge (2005) believe that unlike biological theories that emphasise on the physical structure and the brain, psychological theories associate behaviour to processes that occur within the person’s mind. In his research, McMurran (1994) highlights six such behavioral theories that indicate relevance to substance misuse and dependency, two out of which are Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. He rang the bell then immediately followed it by a second stimulus know to produce salivation, such as a dried meat powder that was placed directly in the dogs mouth. The meat powder is considered to be the unconditioned stimulus or UCS, because the ability to salivate was automatic and not learned. On the flipside the salivation of the dog to the meat powder is the unconditioned response or UCR. The bell now is termed the conditioned stimulus or CS because the ability for it to elicit saliva from the dog is dependent on being paired with the meat powder. Salvation in response to just the bell is called the conditioned response or CR. He found that if you ring the bell then give the god the meat powder soon or later the dog will start to salivate just to the ring of the bell without the meat powder even present. Extinction is the process in which you lose the ability to evoke conditioned response when it no longer is followed by a unconditioned stimulus. In the case of Pavlov’s dogs, extinction could occur if Pavlov kept ringing the bell and not following it up with the meat powder. This means the dog no longer salivates in response to the bell. If Pavlov keeps ringing the bell sometimes the dog might remember about the meat powder and salivate even though no meat powder is present. This is called reconditioning. This means the rapid recovery of a conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS)- unconditioned stimulus (UCS) pairing. Let’s say Pavlov stops working with the dogs for several weeks because he is working on other research, then suddenly goes back to the dogs and rings the bell, the dogs should in theory then salivate due to a process called spontaneous recovery. This is the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS) after an interval of time following extinction. If Pavlov was cooking something and the timer goes off making a ringing sound, the dogs most likely would salivate because of a process called stimulus generalization, or the tendency of stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus (CS) to evoke conditioned responses (CR). Through the process of stimulus discrimination, or the process by which organisms learn to respond to certain stimuli but not to others, the dogs will salivate to the ring of a bell but if the door bell rand they would not salivate because they discriminate and can tell the difference between the bell and the door bell. Psychology. about. com says that classical conditioning is used in everyday life by many dog trainers helping to train people’s pets. Some techniques are also helpful in the treatment of many phobias or anxiety problems. Teachers can apply classical conditioning in the classroom by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear especially with classroom speeches. It helps to get the student relaxed instead of anxious. Operant conditioning is a process through which organisms learn to repeat behaviors that yield positive outcomes. In operant conditioning it is broken down into reinforcements and punishments. In the reinforcement part there are two reinforcers, positive and negative. A positive reinforcement is a stimulus that strengthens responses, and a negative reinforcement is a stimulus that strengthens responses that permit the organism to avoid or escape from their presence. An example of a positive reinforcement is when I brought home my report card in 6th grade and there were all A’s my mom and dad gave me 5 dollars for every A. The target behavior for that example would be the getting A’s and the positive reinforcement would be my parents giving me 5 dollars an A. An example of a negative reinforcement would be on a cold and dark morning your all snug and warm under your covers, and suddenly your alarm clack goes off across the room. Getting out of the warm bed is the last thing you want to do but the noise is intolerable. The target behavior is turning off the alarm, and the negative reinforcement is getting out of the warm bed in order to turn off the annoying alarm clock. The punishment section of operant conditioning is broken in half just about the same way. There is negative and positive punishment. In negative punishment, the rate if a behavior is weakened or decreased because the behavior is linked to the loss of potential reinforcements. An example of a negative punishment is in a kindergarten class a young boy lashes out and hits the teacher in the stomach with a pencil as he throws it. The teacher sentences him to 10 minutes in the time out corner. The target behavior is the lashing out and throwing the pencil. The negative punishment is the 10 minutes of isolation in the corner. In positive punishment, stimuli weaken responses that precede them. For example you are driving home from work at an excessive speed, About 25 mile per hour over the speed limit. As you go over the little hill you see a state trooper parked on the side of the highway with his radar gun pointed right at you. The next thing you know is the flashing lights are right behind you and pulling you over. You get a pretty hefty ticket for your speeding. After you pay your fine you always obey the speed limit signs. The target behavior in this example is the speeding and the positive punishment is the speeding ticket you receive for speeding. B. F. Skinner is known as the father of operant conditioning. He invented a box called the Skinner box where a rat is trapped inside with a lever. Every time the rat presses the lever it receives a food pellet. Shaping might have to be used in order to get the rat to press the lever. Shaping is a technique in which closer and closer approximations to desired behavior are required for the delivery of positive reinforcement. Basically this means Skinner might have had to shock the rat’s feet when the rat started going the wrong way. That way it will remember to not go that way. When it finally presses the lever the food pellet drops and it works as a positive reinforcement because if the rat got a food pellet from pressing the lever maybe he will do in again and remember that whenever you press the lever you get rewarded with a food pellet. There are many different schedules of reinforcement you can follow. A schedule of reinforcement is rules determining when and how reinforcements will be delivered. A continuous reinforcement schedule is a schedule in which every occurrence of a particular behavior is reinforced. A fixed interval schedule is a schedule of reinforcement in which a specific interval of time must elapse before a response will yield reinforcement. There is also variable-interval schedule which is a schedule in which a variable amount of time must elapse before a response will yield reinforcement. A fixed ratio schedule occurs only after a fixed number of responses have been emitted.

Chinese Attitudes About Death Essays - Death Customs,

Chinese Attitudes About Death Throughout the history of mankind, "death" has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals " to help them along their way." Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. "This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society."1 The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn't give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as "dirty" by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffins to preserve their bodies, protect them from decaying as fast. Although the soul of the person was to move on, the Chinese wanted to save the body as a way to remember the elderly. To some people being buried in a coffin is so important that they rather spend their money on a coffin than on necessary provisions. Although burial in a coffin is preferred, cremations also take place. A cremation is when a corpse is placed on a pyre and burned to ashes. In the cities of present day China, because of the great overpopulation and lack of usable land, the government has made cremation a necessity. Cremation is also encouraged in rural areas in efforts of saving arable land for farming. Since the people living in the rural areas are farmers who can provide their own necessities and are independent of the government, they are more concerned with their traditional beliefs and practices than the concerns of the government. In the villages, peasants begin saving to buy coffins for themselves after they pass the age of sixty; which was considered the number of years a life cycle should be.2 People have claimed that if a person died before turning sixty years old, he/she was a "short-life devil." Because of this belief, the people that died before turning the age of sixty years old were not buried and left wherever the happened to "drop."3 To show how important burying the dead is, the Chinese hire elderly people who are familiar with the ancient wisdom of feng-shui, or the spirits of "the wind and water." This type of ancient art was also called geomancy. The reason why the Chinese hire elderly people is because they want someone who is experienced in the field, not someone who's new and had recently learned it from books. The Chinese believe that the more experience a person has, the more reliable is that person. The geomancer helped the dead select favorable sites for graves.4 These favorable sites not only had to be affordable to the family but had to bring good luck to the family and ensure that there will be no evil spirits haunting them. Like the traditional matchmaker, the geomancer is respected for his wisdom and experience in life. Some similarities between the jobs of the matchmaker and geomancer are those of which they both check the social statuses of their clients. The matchmaker has to make sure that he does not match a rich young lady to a poor young man, and the geomancer has to make sure that he picks a gravesite that is affordable

Brutus - Death Of Brutues Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Brutus - Death Of Brutues Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Brutus - Death Of Brutues William Shakespeare's play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, is mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The character who was in charge of the assassination was, ironically, Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Julius Caesar. But what would cause a person to kill a close friend? After examining Brutus' relationship to Caesar, his involvement in the conspiracy, and his importance to the plot, the truth can be revealed. Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Caesar, has a strong relationship with Caesar but a stronger relationship with Rome and its people. Brutus is very close to Caesar. In Roman times, the only way for someone to get close to a person of high rank is if he/she is close to him/her. In many points of the play, Brutus was talking and next to Caesar. Brutus also loves Caesar but fears his power. In the early acts of the play, Brutus says to Cassius, What means this shouting? I do fear the people do choose Caesar for their king...yet I love him well.(act 1, scene 2, ll.85-89), as he is speaking to Cassius. Brutus loves Caesar, but would not allow him to climber-upward...He then unto the ladder turns his back...(act 2, scene 1, ll.24,26). As the quote says, Brutus would not allow Caesar to rise to power and then turn his back onto the people of Rome. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Brutus talks to Antony about Caesar's death. Our hearts you see not; they are pitiful; and pity to the general wrong of Rome...(act 3, scene 1, ll.185-186). Brutus says that Antony cannot see their(members of the conspiracy) hearts, which are full of pity. Again, this shows how Brutus loved Caesar but cared for the life of Rome and its people more. This is the only reason Brutus would conspire against Caesar. For Brutus says to himself, I know no personal cause to spurn at him...How that might change his nature...(act 2, scene1, ll. 1,13) Caesar's relationship with Brutus is also strong. Just allowing Brutus to speak to Caesar shows his respect for Brutus. Caesar feels that Brutus is noble to him and does the right thing regardless of personal danger. On the Ides of March, as Caesar was assassinated, Caesar's last line is: Et tu, Brute?Then fall, Caesar.(act 3, scene 1, l.85). This shows that Caesar would not die without Brutus' stab. Caesar realizes that there must be a noble reason for this assassination if Brutus was in it. This again shows how much Caesar respects Brutus. Brutus and Caesar both respect each other, but in different ways. Marcus Brutus had a very important role in the conspiracy against Caesar. He was the back-bone of the plan. According to Cassius, Brutus' main purpose in the conspiracy is for an insurance policy. The people will think, since Brutus is noble to Caesar, that there is a good reason for Caesar's assassination. Brutus will also be the leader of the conspiracy for another insurance policy for the assassination. Cassius is the one who declares this, Brutus shall lead the way, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest and best hearts of Rome. (act 3, scene 1, ll.135-136). Again, if Brutus leads the way, the people will think that the death of Julius Caesar wasn't such a bad thing. Brutus also declares to himself that his role in the conspiracy is to save Rome. He says to the people that, If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.(Act 3,scene 2,ll.21-24). If Brutus was not in the plot of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, the conspiracy would probably not have worked. Since Brutus ...loved Rome more.(Act 3,scene2, ll.23-24), he decided to be a part of the conspiracy. If he hadn't loved Rome more than Caesar, he would not have joined in the assassination of Julius Caesar. Cassius and the rest of the conspirators would probably not have continued on without Brutus because they would have no insurance afterwards. The people would think that there was no reason for Caesar's death and most likely beheaded all the conspirators. Also, if Brutus was

18th and 19th Amendments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

18th and 19th Amendments - Research Paper Example This paper tells that both the 18th and 19th amendments to the American Constitution and their implementation history show such a complex path of rising and fall. The 18th amendment, that came into effect between 1920 and 1933, prohibited manufacture, selling and transportation of alcohol in the country. The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920, which made constitutional the right of every citizen to cast vote in elections without being discriminated on the basis of race or gender. The alcohol prohibition amendment had to be later repealed as there was â€Å"widespread abuses of†¦(the)†¦ law†. But the 19th amendment stood the test of time and despite the attempts to legally contest it, the amendment was endorsed by Supreme Court as part of the Constitution. The 18th amendment had become a historical necessity because of the poverty and economic backwardness that grew in the society, as associated with drinking. In the first century and half of the colonial rule in Ame rica, drinking was considered quite a normal entertainment activity. Though drunkenness was considered as a vice, the blame always went to the drinker, not to those who manufactured or sold alcohol. But slowly, people came to understand the real nature of alcohol that is addictive and unhealthy. Thus alcohol came to be identified with poverty, breakage of peace in the family and also in the social fabric as well. The late 1800s and early 1900s saw the formation of temperance societies which campaigned against alcoholism. Though by 1916, 23 states enacted prohibition laws, it was the 18th amendment, passed in 1920, that applied prohibition to the whole of the nation. The major drawback of this legislation which eventually led to its repeal (owing to being ineffective), was that it only prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor, while possession, consumption or home production were not banned. The amendment had given a one year relaxation period to clear the exist ing stocks but this omission further weakened the legislation.

Saudi Airline Served Donkey Meat Research Paper

Saudi Airline Served Donkey Meat - Research Paper Example It has been revealed by many sources that Saudi Airline had been serving donkey meat during their flights in the past few months. 2. Reality Behind the Incident 2.1 Ignored Warnings from a Local Body In the month of June 2011, several sources reported that Saudi Airline had been serving donkey meat to their customers as a result of negligence to the warnings given by concerned authorities. A senior inspector at the Saudi Airlines supply department said that the airlines had received many warnings from Saudi Arabia’s General Food and Drugs Authority about their imports from Tunisia since the respective country was suffering from contagious diseases among their cattle (â€Å"Donkey meat on Saudi Arabian airline?†). The warnings also included aspects about the common sale of donkey and horse meat in the Arab country but the Saudi Airlines management did not pay attention to any of these warnings and reports. The senior inspector further said that these warnings made the ai rline stop importing meat from Tunisia when it had already been served to their customers for nearly a month. However, Chusid stated that the donkey meat was being served as beef and it continued for more than a single month. Alongside the possibility of it being donkey meat, the presence of diseased meat in Tunisia also did not alarm the authorities to stop the supply of the meat on an urgent basis. He stated that one of the reasons for such a late reaction can be the low price for which the meat was being bought. One factor that may have led to the lowering price of the meat was that the meat was near its expiration dates. Therefore, it can be stated that low priced meat was preferred by the management irrespective of the animal it came from. Lesser expense on the purchase of food might have increased their revenues but can certainly cause a crash in their customer loyalty. 2.2 Unexpected Behavior from a 3-Star Airline Saudi Airlines is a 3-Star airline (â€Å"The World’s 3-Star Airlines†). As per the standards of SkyTrax that has been set to provide rating for different airlines, 3-Star airlines provide â€Å"satisfactory standard† of mission critical services in numerous travel categories†. Food is one of the most important categories in the rating of any airline. Donkey meat is not expected to be served by any airline and definitely not from a 3-Star one as it is expected to meet certain criteria. Customers avail the services of airlines on the basis of their ratings; such irresponsible and appalling behavior from a 3-Star airline makes the customers doubt the credibility of the ratings, along with the respective airline. Chusid stated that it could not be known from the reporting of the local newspapers if it was served to the business class, the economy class or both. 2.3 Prohibition to Eat Donkey Meat in the Country’s Religion Saudi Airlines is owned by Muslims and is considered to be flag carrier airline of a Muslim c ountry, Saudi Arabia. Muslims follow the religion of Islam; Islam has allowed some foods, whereas some types of foods are forbidden for its followers. Donkey meat is considered to be forbidden to be eaten by Muslims (â€Å"The Fiqh of Halal and Haram Animals†). Their Holy Book of Quran states that these animals are designated for being ridden on, not for consumption. The usage of a forbidden meat in an airline of Muslim origin

Analysing Person Centred Planning

Analysing Person Centred Planning The articles used in this annotated bibliography focus on person-centred planning and they explain the steps involved in devising the plan and ensuring that it is carried out. It describes all of the significant topics necessary to a plan; a few examples are wills and estate planning, the Henson Trust and individualized funding. The articles focus on the fact that people with developmental disabilities should have the same rights and same choices as the rest of the population and be a causal member of their community and society as a whole. Person-centred planning places complete control of the planning process and on the person with the disability. However, it offers assistance and pertinent information to the person, so that he or she is able to make informed decisions independently. Individualized Funding: Vision, Rights and Principles. (1997, June 8,9). Retrieved January 18, 2011,from Individualized Funding Information Resources: http://members.shaw.ca/ bsalisbury/IF%20%20Visions,%20 Rights%20%20Princi ples.htm This article represents and defines the goal of individualized funding (IF). It inspires people who need support to become dynamic and full participators of society, to having individual access to the services elected by them. This empowers them to live independent lives, as set out by the individualized funding. Individualized funding offers resources which persons consider significant in order to contribute as a citizen of society. Individualized funding is payable solely to the individual who needs support or trusted representative and focuses on the needs of the person. IF is also transferable in and across regional borders, ministries and departments of government.Advantages of IF are that it is not based on privilege or assessment, nor does it regulate funding limits by classifications or categories. Individualized funding is also concentrated on the funds an individual needs for community living. However, the needs do include well-being, safety, mobility and citizenship. This article is extremely encouraging to people who need support, as it delivers the message of community living through choices, and strives to develop a community, which is inclusive of all people. Planning Tools and Techniques. (2003). Retrieved January 21, 2010, from The Special Needs Planning Group: http://www.specialneedsplanning .ca/tools.html##h The Henson Trust originated in Guelph, Ontario in the early 1980à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s by a man named Leonard Henson who had a daughter with a developmental disability. It is also referred to as Absolute Trust and Discretionary Trust. This article covers the explanation and the history of the Henson Trust. It was begun so that people with developmental disabilities could retain their assets as well as preserving their ODSP benefits when they become the beneficiary of a will. Keeping their assets allows more financial freedom to choose where and how they would like to live. The article does not refer to whether or not the Henson Trust is limited to the parents of a person with a disability. However, it does offer an irreplaceable description of the Henson Trust and the story of how it became. Through perseverance and love for his daughter, one man created the Henson Trust, which today benefits all people with disabilities by preserving their right to keep their assets whi le receiving ODSP benefits. Wills for people with an intellectual disability. (2004, September). Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Intellectual Disability Rights Service: http://www.idrs.org.au /pubs/for-pwid.html This article contains information on wills, and the fact that everyone has the right to choose if they want one, including people with an intellectual disability. There are a lot of choices and decisions to be made when an individual desires a will. The article addresses all people, and contains additional information for persons with an intellectual disability who would like a will. The article describes the steps that lead to the writing of a will, explains additional steps, which a person with an intellectual disability needs to take, such as having a formal assessment of capacity performed on them, to decrease the possibility of the will being contested once the will maker is deceased. A formal assessment of capacity would prove that the will maker fully understood what he or she was doing at the time the will was drawn up and signed. Due to the abundance of information just mentioned, I do not feel as though this article is missing any pertinent information regarding wills and e state choices. Daegher, L. (2007). Planning for the Future: People with a disability. Retrieved January 20, 2011, from Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs: http://www.fahcsia.gov.au /sa/carers/pubs/Documents/ PeopleWithDisability /Planning_for_the_Future.pdf This article contains invaluable education on Future Planning for a people with developmental disabilities. While planning for a family member with a developmental disabilitysà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ future, it is imperative to realize the aspirations and dreams of the person, along with the hopes of the family in this matter. This helps to create a view of how her or his future may be, and develop a scheme to carry it out. Locating information to support them in making choices may be restricted to lawyers and financial planners, who lack experience and knowledge in future planning for a person with a developmental disability. The planning should be inclusive of all the family membersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ needs, presently and in the future, while staying focused on the needs of the individual with the developmental disability, and including and valuing their insight and opinions. The article is very informative and offers a lot of advice and freedom of choice t o the person with the disability as well as his or her family. OBrien, J., Pearpoint, J. (1946). Person Centered Planning With Maps and Path: A Workbook for Facilitators. Toronto: Inclusion Press. This article explains what maps and paths are and how they relate to person centred planning. Maps and Paths are a means of recuperating lost dreams and providing hope and choices by bringing people together to envision and act upon having meaningful and productive futures. Maps and Paths is spiritual, which is why it cannot be bureaucratized, and is used to help all persons. Person centred planning requires facilitators to sincerely listen to individuals hopes and fears. Maps and Paths places control on the individual, as long as it is ethical. The article is simple to understand very descriptive of what Maps and Paths is, when we use it, (an example is when we experience challenges in life and need support), and the fact that it has more than one definition to it. It focuses on the facilitators sharing power with people rather than trying to exhibit power over them. Maps and Paths vision addresses the individuals. Byrnes, F. (2011). Philosophy of Developmental Disabilities Services. Retrieved February 11, 2011, from Article Doctor Health and Fitness Articles: http://www.articledoctor.com/ developmental-disabilities/philosophy-of- developmental -disabilities-services-1679 This article portrays Competence and the importance of it in regards to persons with developmental disabilities. Developmental disabilities services follow a certain viewpoint, which helps an affected person to live a better life. Broadly speaking, the attitude of Developmental disabilities services is generally constant with a set of governing principles and the guiding principles of service. Among the governing principles of most such services is one, which says that persons with developmental disabilities will be able to communicate to their families, friends and communities according to their choice. Affected persons should be as independent as possible and be in a position to regulate the course of their own lives. People with developmental disabilities must be provided the chance to make choices in life that do not undermine their health and safety, and such choices must always be valued and respected. These foremost principles form the basis of philosophy of most development d isabilities services. The guiding principles that are followed for serving affected persons also play a key role in determining the philosophy of developmental disabilities services. Individualization highlights on an affected persons self-esteem, which can be developed by safeguarding respect, by making them contribute expressively to their living and community environment. The basic philosophy followed by Developmental disabilities services also includes the following ideas that people with developmental disabilities must have the same rights, privileges, opportunities and responsibilities as other members of the community. A Person Centered Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2011, from Compass Coordination Inc.: http://www.compasstn.org /index.html This story of leadership is about Compass Coordination Inc. Their person-centered initiative is an international effort to support organizations in having better outcomes for the people they support. Through contribution in the creativity, organizations learn how to apply person centered thinking skills to the lives of people supported and in the practices of the organization, using coaches groups and leadership groups to classify barriers and facilitate changes within system. Compass participates in the initiative in a number of ways. Compass is working with stakeholders and within organizations to design and implement practices that grip person-centered thinking and planning and practice across the service delivery system. Members of their leadership team are working with other leaders to become skilful at using person-centered tools. Since their inception, Compass has held certain person-centered practices as central to our core values. Mount, B. (2011). What is a Circle of Support. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from Child- Autism-Parent-Cafe: http://www.child-autism-parent -cafe.com/circle.html This article contains specific information on what a Circle of Support is. A circle of support is a group of people interested in getting together to assist a focal person enhance and expand his or her life by helping to reach key personal goals. Persons with limitations have traditionally been excluded from meaningful relationships and experiences in the community that encompasses them. However, everyone learns and expands their worlds through family, friends and experiences. Circle members provide new and creative trails and networks to increasing experiences in the community, like suitable and stable employment, a safe and healthy place to live, transportation, recreation and exercise and opportunities to communicate with a caring person, etc. The point to remember is that persons with developmental disabilities miss out on the simple daily human contacts and pleasure we all enjoy. Consider the following to help select members for our individuals: Think about all the people involv ed in their life and who are the people that are closest, these are the people you should invite to the planning meeting. Each member determines his or her own interest and commitment. What is SIS. (2011). Retrieved February 16, 2011, from American Association On Intellectual and Developmental Disibilities: http://www.siswebsite.org /cs/product_info This article defines the Supports Intensity Scale and levels of support for individuals with a developmental disability. The Supports Intensity Scale is a calculation tool that evaluates practical support requirements of a person with an intellectual disability. Available in print and electronic formats, SIS contains of an interview and profile form that tests support needs in multiple areas. SIS is wide-ranging and employs the consumer in a positive interview process. The assessment is done through an interview with the individual, and those who know the person well. SIS measures support needs in the areas of home living, community living, lifelong learning, employment, health and safety, social activities, and protection and advocacy. The Scale ranks each activity according to frequency. Traditionally, a persons level of developmental disability has been measured by the skills the individual lacks. SIS shifts the focus from lacks to needs. The Scale assesses practical supports peop le with developmental disabilities need to lead independent lives. The SIS should be administered by a professional in the human services field. An overview of the Passport Initiative. (2008). Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Developmental Services Toronto: http://www.dsto.com/upload /Passport_Initiative_brochure.pdf This article promotes the Passport to Community Living. Passport to Community Living is funded by the Ministry of Community and Social Services to support adults who have a developmental disability, who have left school, and require supports to partake in community activities. Through this initiative, the participants who are accepted for funding can purchase services and supports that will enable their community participation according to their interests and strong points. Participants can choose to make their own provisions to purchase supports and/or to access services through community-based agencies. The passport initiative is designed for adults who have a developmental disability, have left school, and require supports to participate in their communities. Salzer, M., Baron, R. C. (2006, November). Promoting Community Integration:Increasing the Presence and Participation of People with Psychiatric and Developmental Disabilities in Community Life. Retrieved January 28, 2011, from UPENN Collaborative on Community Integration: http://tucollaborative.org/pdfs/ Toolkits_Monographs_Guidebooks /community_inclu sion/Increa sing_the_Presence_and_Participation _of_People_with_Psychiatric_Disabilities.pdf This article is reflective of the importance of Community Presence and Participation. To help people with disabilities play a more robust role in the civic life of their communities, programs could provide educational programming to clients to familiarize them with local, and regional, issues. Forums in which political candidates or civic groups could discuss both sides of controversial issues. Particularly those in which groups of clients may have a special interest. Create and use practice voting booths before local and national elections to help familiarize clients with the procedures of voting Also to spur their interest in participating in the election process . Support clients as they volunteer in civic groups that address public issues, helping clients to determine their personal interests and matching clients to local interest and advocacy groups in the community. Education is to help people DD problems resume and complete their educations and to better prepare them for bette r-paid employment, programs could. Work with local schools, community colleges, and universities to develop academic programs that provide supports people may require successfully applying to and completing certification and/or degree programs. Develop educational guides for consumers that both encourage them to continue their educations and provide them with helpful hints with regard to applications, scholarships, course work, and degree/certification completion. Identify existing scholarship funding for consumers who wish to continue their education, assist consumers in applying for those funds, and advocate for new funding to support these educational initiatives. Developmental Disabilities Division. (n.d.). Retrieved February 9, 2011, from Liberity Resources: http://www.liberty-resources.org /programs/dd.cfm This article clearly emphasizes the importance of Respect of people with developmental disabilities. All residents create goals for themselves that are documented on a daily basis. Every six months a formal meeting is held to review their progress and/or make changes that will benefit each specific person. Staff work on goals with consumers as outlined in the individualized residential plans and assist the consumer in planning activities that meet their needs and desires. Success is measured by an improvement in the quality of life and is monitored through tracking goal progress. Opportunities exist to become a volunteer or an advocate for many of the individuals in these programs. Many of them do not have involved family member and would welcome meeting new people. The staff persons are an integral support system, but the benefits of a community advocate would be enriching. The commitment to become an advocate minimally involves attendance at a six month planning/review meetings. This annotated bibliography consists og an abundance of information which will be pertinent to anyone who would like to understand or carry out person directed planning. This bibliography is a perfect example of how much involvement is required by a Developmental Service Worker to ensure they a correctly supporting individuals with a developmental disability.

Teaching Is An Art For The Teachers

Teaching is an art for the teachers who spend all their love to students. Teaching is not only the way to deliver their knowledge but also teach them how to behave and success in their future. After learning teaching method course. I gain some experiences for myself. To be successful in teaching, found out that discipline is one of the most important role. Then, lesson plan must prepared carefully and the lesson should be easy and interesting.First of all, my first question when I attended some classes in my observation that is why discipline is important. It is because it creates safe learning environment for both students and teachers. Discipline is of great importance in schools. If there is no discipline in schools, it is not possible to imp education effectively. It is necessary to maintain law an order in the society. The teacher can inspire lessons effectively without classroom disruption, and students can receive a quality education without constant distractions.Discipline is the training of the mind and character. It must be instilled in us from very young age. It must begin at home and continued in school. Secondly, Planning and preparing for instruction is the best way to ensure that a lesson is implemented smoothly. The reason why that is when you start teaching without preparing the lesson carefully, you will recognize how difficult it really is to communicate instructional content to a classroom full Of students. Then you do not feel frustrated.However, preparing the lesson is eke a plan that help you know what you going to say in order and it is easy to follow when you teach, and you will not miss any information that you want to tell the student. Prepared the lesson plan carefully not only make you minimize your mistakes when you teach the students, but also help you feel comfortable to be in class. Finally, an effect way to teach that is to make the lesson as simple as you can by using simple words or words and grammars that you know the studen ts are already known. Why?It not only help the dents review the words but also grammar, so they can be interested in the lesson. They want to learn and they feel comfortable to communicate. Also, you can start by telling them a funny story which is related to the lesson and suitable for their level. You can make the lesson more interesting by interacting with the students as asking them to guess the words in the situation or role play.

Rmit Mba Timetable Sem 1

Graduate School of Business and Law MBA – MC088 Timetable Semester 1 2012 Version 2 20/02/2012 Semester Dates: 27 February 2012 – 8 June 2012 Study Break: 5 April – 11 April 2012 Swot Vac: 28 May – 1 June 2012 Exam Period: 4 June – 8 June 2012 Full time Timetable Subject Area Catalogue No. BUSM 4151 Course Title Introduction to Business Management Managerial Finance Business and Economic Analysis Business Operations (Strategy and Application) Managerial Psychology Accounting Class No. 417 1422 1423 1403 1404 1408 1409 1416 1418 1419 1378 1379 1380 4028 1381 3932 1425 1426 Day Start Time Friday 16 March 8:30 Saturday 17 March 8:30 Sunday 18 March 8:30 Monday 19 March 8:30 Tuesdays 9:00 Tuesdays 13:00 Tuesdays Tuesdays Tuesdays Wednesdays Wednesdays Wednesdays Wednesdays Thursdays Thursdays Thursdays Thursdays Wednesdays Mondays Thursdays Thursdays 9:00 13:00 13:00 13:00 17:30 9:00 13:00 9:00 13:00 9:00 9:00 17:30 9:00 9:00 13:00 End Time 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 12:00 16:00 12:00 16:00 16:00 16:00 20:30 12:00 16:00 12:00 16:00 12:00 12:00 20:30 12:00 12:00 16:00 Location 013. 3. 009 013. 03. 009 013. 03. 009 013. 03. 009 013. 03. 005 013. 03. 005 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 015 013. 03. 015 013. 03. 015 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 005 013. 03. 005 013. 03. 010 013. 03. 005 13. 03. 011 013. 01. 002 013. 01. 003 Lecturer Doug Thomson Mike Code Vineet Tawani Ashton De Silva/Jonathon Boymal Ashton De Silva/Jonathon Boymal Rod Legge Gail Thomson John Toohey Lincoln Holland Lincon Holland David Foster Paul Gibson Liz Corbett Susan Inglis David Foster Christine Murphy Arthur Shelley Arthur Shelley Intake Intake 12 BUSM 4160 Intake 11 BUSM 243 Intake 12 BUSM BUSM BUSM 3261 4113 4154 Intake 11 Intake 11 Intake 12 BUSM 1530 Leadership and Management Intake 12 BUSM 4163 Applied Industry Practice Intake 11 MBA MC088 Sem 1 2012 Timetable Print Date: 24/02/2012 Page 1 of 2 Graduate School of Business and Law MBA â⠂¬â€œ MC088 Timetable Semester 1 2012 Version 2 20/02/2012 Part time Timetable Subject Area Catalogue No. BUSM 4151 Course Title Introduction to Business Management Business and Economic Analysis Business Operations (Strategy and Application) Managerial Psychology People and Organisations Accounting Managerial Finance Class No. 417 1405 1406 1410 1416 1407 1420 1421 1424 Day Start Time Friday 16 March 8:30 Saturday 17 March 8:30 Sunday 18 March 8:30 Monday 19 March 8:30 17:30 Mondays 17:30 Tuesdays Tuesdays Wednesdays Wednesdays Wednesdays Thursdays Thursdays 17:30 17:30 17:30 17:30 17:30 17:30 End Time 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 20:30 Location Lecturer Intake 013. 03. 009 013. 03. 009 Doug Thomson Part Time 013. 03. 009 013. 03. 009 13. 03. 010 Ashton De Silva/Jonathon BoymalPart Time 13. 3. 012 Ashton De Silva/Jonathon Boymal art Time P 013. 03. 015 013. 03. 015 13. 03. 010 013. 03. 011 013. 03. 013 013. 03. 005 Doug Thomson John Toohey Berna dette Hosking John Walker John Walker Vineet Tawani Part Time Part Time Part Time Part Time Part Time Part Time BUSM BUSM BUSM BUSM BUSM BUSM 3243 3261 4113 3249 4154 4160 Notes: Courses will be run if minimum student enrolments are achieved. Timetables are subject to change. MBA MC088 Sem 1 2012 Timetable Print Date: 24/02/2012 Page 2 of 2

The Vaule of Personal Development in The Divine Comedy, by...

In Italian Dante Alighieri (1265) Poem, The Divine Comedy Inferno, Translated by Mark Musa. Dante demonstrates the value of personal development which is the ability to keep a balanced life and continuously learn from past mistakes in order to create a better future. Dante begins the poem wrapped in his own thoughts and suffering but by the end of the poem he begins to understand other’s sufferings beyond his own. In his growth throughout his journey he learns about pain and sorrow that he cannot comprehend. He becomes more aware of the torture that is around him. At the beginning he appears to think that his life was horrible but by the end of the poem he seems to realize that he can make his and others lives better by becoming a better†¦show more content†¦Dante tried to leave the woods on his own but he was stopped by three threshold guardians Leopard, a lion and a she-wolf who blocked his path. Unable to go any further Dante automatically gave up â€Å"I lost al l hope of going up the hill† (Alighieri 1215). He ran away from the beasts and back into the woods. Dante giving up this easily is the opposite of the core value of excellence and personal development. Dante has no desire to make his situation better or to develop his personal skills in order to save himself. As he got back to the woods he said the Shade of Virgil. Virgil told Dante that he was sent to help him and that he has no reason to fear anymore. Virgil makes it clear to Dante that they must go through hell in order for Dante to reach safety. Immediately Dante begs him to make good on his promise to rescue him from the evil place he had found himself. Soon before the journey begins however Dante doubts himself begins to whine to Virgil that he is not capable of such a trip. Dante had very little self-confidence in himself and needed consent encouragement. Eventually Dante is once again convinced to begin the journey and the two go on their way. â€Å"Out of the tear-drenched land a wind arose which blasted forth into a reddish light, knocking my senses out of me completely, and I fell as one falls tired into sleep† (Alighieri 1223). As Virgil and Dante enter Hell Dante is immediately rendered